四种思维解决托福阅读推理题

　　托福阅读推理题是指重要信息隐藏在文章中，不会直接表露出来，需要考生自己从表面内容中推理出。通常看到infer、indicate、imply、suggest这类关键词，就能够判定题目类型是推断题。这类托福阅读题目并不像词汇题或者事实信息题，只需要对文章 “肤浅的”理解就能快速解题，有点儿像文章总结题，需要费一番工夫，用一些耐心对文章深层了解才能解题。所以很多学生会觉得题目“难”。其实掌握了方法，稍微有些耐心就能提高这类题目的答对率，题目也就不像想象中的难了。下面就为大家实例讲解推断题的四类常用思维。

　　托福阅读推理题做题思维：对比逆推思维

　　往往可以逆推的题目，定位句有着明显的隐含反意，找到合适的答案就可以直接选。

　　Paragraph 2: Speculation on the origin of these Pacific islanders began as soon as outsiders encountered them, in the absence of solid linguistic, archaeological, and biological data, many fanciful and mutually exclusive theories were devised. Pacific islanders are variously thought to have come from North America, South America, Egypt, Israel, and India, as well as Southeast Asia. Many older theories implicitly deprecated the navigational abilities and overall cultural creativity of the Pacific islanders. For example, British anthropologists G. Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry assumed that only Egyptians would have been skilled enough to navigate and colonize the Pacific. They inferred that the Egyptians even crossed the Pacific to found the great civilizations of the New World (North and South America). In 1947 Norwegian adventurer Thor Heyerdahl drifted on a balsa-log raft westward with the winds and currents across the Pacific from South America to prove his theory that Pacific islanders were Native Americans (also called American Indians). Later Heyerdahl suggested that the Pacific was peopled by three migrations: by Native Americans from the Pacific Northwest of North America drifting to Hawaii, by Peruvians drifting to Easter Island, and by Melanesians. In 1969 he crossed the Atlantic in an Egyptian-style reed boat to prove Egyptian influences in the Americas. Contrary to these theorists, the overwhelming evidence of physical anthropology, linguistics, and archaeology shows that the Pacific islanders came from Southeast Asia and were skilled enough as navigators to sail against the prevailing winds and currents.

　　5. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about early theories of where the first inhabitants of the Pacific islands came from?

　　○ They were generally based on solid evidence.

　　○ They tried to account for the origin of the characteristic features of the languages spoken by Pacific islanders.

　　○ They assumed that the peoples living in Southeast Asia did not have the skills needed to sail to the Pacific islands.

　　○ They questioned the ideas of G. Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry.

　　思维解析：以early (older) theories定位至Many older theories implicitly deprecated the navigational abilities and overall cultural creativity of the Pacific islanders. For example, British anthropologists G. Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry assumed that only Egyptians would have been skilled enough to navigate and colonize the Pacific，说早期的理论认为那些岛民的航海能力不行，紧接着给出例子，只有埃及人才有能力航行到并且占领这些岛，所以逆推到不是埃及人就不会做到。看选项，C选项，东南亚人没那个技术航线到这些岛上，正确;原文说没证据，所以A反了;B和D都没提到。

　　托福阅读推理题做题思维：正向推断思维

　　Paragraph 1: Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle. Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams. There it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.

　　1. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on?

　　○It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time.

　　○It prevents most groundwater from circulating.

　　○It has the capacity to store large amounts of water.

　　○It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers.

　　思维解析：根据题目the ground that we walk on定位到 At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.据此，我们可以思维正向延伸到其实，地下是可以存留足够的水的，看选项：A反义，错误。B非定位内容，排除，C与推理一致，D也不是可以定位后得到的信息，排除。

　　还有两种不很常见的解题思维：

　　托福阅读推理题做题思维：题干细节思维

　　直接根据题干细节，结合定位句意思就可以得到观点对比得出答案即可。

　　Paragraph 5: Ir has not been common at Earth’s since the very beginning of the planet’s history. Because it usually exists in a metallic state, it was preferentially incorporated in Earth’s core as the planet cooled and consolidated. Ir is found in high concentrations in some meteorites, in which the solar system’s original chemical composition is preserved. Even today, microscopic meteorites continually bombard Earth, falling on both land and sea. By measuring how many of these meteorites fall to Earth over a given period of time, scientists can estimate how long it might have taken to deposit the observed amount of Ir in the boundary clay. These calculations suggest that a period of about one million years would have been required. However, other reliable evidence suggests that the deposition of the boundary clay could not have taken one million years. So the unusually high concentration of Ir seems to require a special explanation.

　　10. Paragraph 5 implies that a special explanation of Ir in the boundary clay is needed because

　　○the Ir in microscopic meteorites reaching Earth during the Cretaceous period would have been incorporated into Earth’s core

　　○the Ir in the boundary clay was deposited much more than a million years ago

　　○the concentration of Ir in the boundary clay is higher than in microscopic meteorites

　　○the amount of Ir in the boundary clay is too great to have come from microscopic meteorites during the time the boundary clay was deposited

　　思维解析：以special explanation定位到So the unusually high concentration of Ir seems to require a special explanation所以结合题目看前一句，说boundary clay的沉积不需要花一百万年，再往前一句，说沉积那么多Ir需要一百万年，所以答案是D，因为boundary clay的沉积时间和Ir的沉积时间矛盾;A和C原文都没说;B说反了。

　　托福阅读推理题做题思维：文章细节思维

　　没有很复杂的推理过程，但是根据定位句并不能得出相关信息，需要从文章获取更多细节信息才能得出答案。

　　Paragraph 1: Photographic evidence suggests that liquid water once existed in great quantity on the surface of Mars. Two types of flow features are seen: runoff channels and outflow channels. Runoff channels are found in the southern highlands. These flow features are extensive systems—sometimes hundreds of kilometers in total length—of interconnecting, twisting channels that seem to merge into larger, wider channels. They bear a strong resemblance to river systems on Earth, and geologists think that they are dried-up beds of long-gone rivers that once carried rainfall on Mars from the mountains down into the valleys. Runoff channels on Mars speak of a time 4 billion years ago (the age of the Martian highlands), when the atmosphere was thicker, the surface warmer, and liquid water widespread.

　　2. What does the discussion in paragraph 1 of runoff channels in the southern highlands suggest about Mars?

　　○The atmosphere of Mars was once thinner than it is today.

　　○Large amounts of rain once fell on parts of Mars.

　　○The river systems of Mars were once more extensive than Earth’s.

　　○The rivers of Mars began to dry up about 4 billion years ago.

　　以runoff channels和southern highlands做定位到Runoff channels are found in the southern highlands，但问题问的是表明了什么，关键词所在句明显没说，接着本段又说了一大堆这种channel的特点，直到最后一句才说speak of…，答案在最后一句，B正确;A和D说反了;C没说。

　　以上就是今天小编为大家分享的四种思维解决托福阅读推理题的全部内容，希望对参加托福考试的考生有所帮助。